Nationally, only ten percent of state prisoners in 1997 reported receiving formal substance abuse treatment during their incarceration, down from 25 percent in 1991. ^[1]   A closer look at soon-to-be released prisoners who were using drugs in the month prior to arrest suggests only slightly better findings, as 18 percent of this group received treatment prior to release. ^[2]   Further, only three percent of jail inmates participate in formal treatment while incarcerated. ^[3]   (Just 39 percent of jails have the capacity to provide formal treatment, as compared to 88 percent of prisons. ^[4]  ) A larger share of individuals in prison and jail participates in self-help programs such as Alcoholics Anonymous and Narcotics Anonymous (20 percent of both state and federal prisoners and 8 percent of jail inmates ^[5]  ).