B: Prison and Jail
3: Substance abuse treatment can reduce both criminal activity and drug use, particularly when in-prison treatment is coupled with community-based aftercare.
In-prison drug treatment has been associated with positive outcomes, including reduced use of injection drugs, fewer hospital stays for drug and alcohol problems, and decreased recidivism rates. [1] The most successful outcomes are found for those who participate in both in-prison treatment and postrelease treatment in the community. [2] Inmates who participate in residential treatment programs while incarcerated have 9 to 18 percent lower recidivism rates and 15 to 35 percent lower drug relapse rates than their counterparts who receive no treatment in prison. [3] Several studies have examined the effectiveness of therapeutic communities, which isolate prisoners from the general population and provide them with intensive treatment. [4] One study found that those who completed both an in-prison therapeutic community program and community-based aftercare were significantly less likely to be reincarcerated than other comparison groups: only 25 percent of this cohort was reincarcerated while 64 percent of aftercare drop-outs and 42 percent of untreated prisoners went back to prison within three years of their release. [5]
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D. Dwayne Simpson, "National Treatment System Evaluation Based on the Drug Abuse Reporting Program (DARP) Follow-Up Research," in Frank M. Tims and Jacqueline P. Ludford (eds.), No citation found for FN_process-and-prospects-national-institute-on-drug-abuse-research-monograph-no-51! ; Robert L. Hubbard et al., "Treatment Outcome Prospective Study (TOPS): Client Characteristics Before, During and After Treatment," in Frank M. Tims and Jacqueline P. Ludford (eds.), No citation found for FN_process-and-prospects-national-institute-on-drug-abuse-research-monograph-no-51! ; National Institute on Drug Abuse and National Institutes of Health, Drug Abuse Treatment Outcome Study (DATOS), 1991-1995 ( Bethesda, MD: 1996); No citation found for FN_a-model-prison-rehabilitation-program-an-evaluation-of-the-stay-n-out-therapeutic-community-final-report-to-the-national-institute-of-drug-abuse! .
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